A Novel Neurofeedback Paradigm: First Implementation of Cordance-Based Training for Anxiety and Mood Recovery

Authors

  • Ruben Perez-Elvira Pontifical University of Salamanca; NEPSA Rehabilitacion Neurológica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-3791
  • Javier Oltra-Cucarella Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
  • María Agudo Juan NEPSA Rehabilitación Neurológica, Salamanca
  • Raúl Juárez Vela University of La Rioja, Logroño
  • Alfonso Salgado Ruíz Pontifical University os Salamanca

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.13.1.77

Keywords:

Neurofeedback, cordance, Anxiety, depression

Abstract

This study presents the first implementation of a neurofeedback (NF) protocol based on cordance targeting mood and anxiety disorders. Cordance, a multivariate measure of brain activity, integrates both power within frequency bands and interfrequency relationships, providing a unique perspective on neural synchronization and connectivity. Using a single-case design, a 44-year-old male patient with anxiety, depression, and insomnia was selected based on left frontal discordance. Seven NF sessions were conducted, reinforcing increases in cordance in the left anterior quadrant. The results showed significant improvements in psychometric measures, including reductions in depression, anxiety, and insomnia scores, alongside a marked shift in cordance values toward normative levels. This study introduces cordance-based NF as a potential tool for mood and anxiety regulation, offering promising preliminary evidence for its efficacy. Future research should explore larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups to confirm these findings and expand the clinical applications of
cordance-based interventions.

Author Biography

Ruben Perez-Elvira, Pontifical University of Salamanca; NEPSA Rehabilitacion Neurológica

Lab. of Neuropsychophysiology

NEPSA Rehabilitación Neurológica

Professor at Pontifical University of Salamanca

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2026-03-31

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Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)

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Copyright (c) 2026 Ruben Perez-Elvira, Javier Oltra-Cucarella, María Agudo Juan, Raúl Juárez Vela, Alfonso Salgado Ruíz

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